Gypenoside XLIX
Gypenoside XLIX, a dammarane-type glycoside, is a prominent component of G. pentaphyllum. Gypenoside XLIX is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha activator and inhibits cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) overexpression and hyperactivity in human endothelial cells[1].